Looking at the IIHS's site, it's interesting that the Rear passenger scored an M, while every other part of this test scored a G. Interestingly enough, these ratings do not apply to the Prime. the Prime scored slightly higher overall, with a couple As here and there, but nothing worse.
The regular Prius went through a modified test while the Prime did not. The lower rating is because of the seat belt potentially hurting rear passenger’s abdomen in a frontal crash. There are no differences in seat belt design between the models.
BTW, the Prius and Prius Prime both qualified as a Top Safety Pick+ (the highest level). Test results quick summary: Prius 10 Tests/Evaluations 57 Good/Superior ratings 8 Acceptable/Advanced ratings 1 Marginal/Basic rating 0 Poor ratings 2023 Toyota Prius Prius Prime 7 Tests/Evaluations 48 Good/Superior ratings 8 Acceptable/Advanced ratings 0 Marginal/Basic ratings 0 Poor ratings 2023 Toyota Prius Prime